Merck and Co. From developing new therapies that treat and prevent disease to helping people in need, we are committed to improving health and well-being around the world. The Manual was first published in as a service to the community. Learn more about our commitment to Global Medical Knowledge. This site complies with the HONcode standard for trustworthy health information: verify here. Common Health Topics. Drug-Drug Interactions. Duplication Opposition antagonism Alteration.
Drug-Nutrient Interactions. Food Dietary supplements Alcohol. Drug-Disease Interactions. Factors Affecting Response to Drugs. Test your knowledge. Which of the following is described as the study of genetic differences in the response to drugs?
More Content. Drug Interactions By Shalini S. Another drug the person is taking drug-drug interaction. Food, beverages, or supplements the person is consuming drug-nutrient interaction. The effects of drug interactions are usually unwanted and sometimes harmful. Interactions may. Increase the actions of one or more drugs, resulting in side effects or toxicity.
Decrease the actions of one or more drugs, resulting in failed treatment. How to Reduce the Risk of Drug-Drug Interactions Consult the doctor or pharmacist before taking any new drugs, including over-the-counter drugs and dietary supplements, such as medicinal herbs. Keep a list of all disorders.
Periodically discuss this list with the doctor. Report to the doctor or pharmacist any symptoms that might be related to the use of a drug.
If seeing more than one doctor, make sure each doctor knows all the drugs being taken. Was This Page Helpful?
Yes No. Genetic Makeup and Response to Drugs. Aging and Drugs. Precautions With Over-the-Counter Drugs. Risk Factors for Adverse Drug Reactions. Learn about the purpose and actions of all drugs prescribed.
Pharmacodynamics Overview of Pharmacodynamics Pharmacodynamics sometimes described as what a drug does to the body is the study of the biochemical, physiologic, and molecular effects of drugs on the body and involves receptor binding Pharmacokinetics Overview of Pharmacokinetics Pharmacokinetics, sometimes described as what the body does to a drug, refers to the movement of drug into, through, and out of the body—the time course of its absorption, bioavailability, distribution In pharmacodynamic interactions, one drug alters the sensitivity or responsiveness of tissues to another drug by having the same agonistic or a blocking antagonistic effect.
These effects usually occur at the receptor level but may occur intracellularly. In pharmacokinetic interactions, a drug usually alters absorption, distribution, protein binding, metabolism, or excretion of another drug. Thus, the amount and persistence of available drug at receptor sites change.
Pharmacokinetic interactions alter magnitude and duration, not type, of effect. They are often predicted based on knowledge of the individual drugs or detected by monitoring drug concentrations or clinical signs.
Asking patients relevant questions about diet and alcohol consumption is recommended. The fewest drugs in the lowest doses for the shortest possible time should be prescribed. The effects, desired and undesired, of all drugs taken should be determined because these effects usually include the spectrum of drug interactions.
If possible, drugs with a wide safety margin should be used so that any unforeseen interactions do not cause toxicity. Drug interactions should be considered as a possible cause of any unexpected problems. Bronchodilators drugs for the temporary relief of shortness of breath, tightness of chest and wheezing due to bronchial asthma. Laxatives drugs for the temporary relief of constipation.
Nasal Decongestants drugs for the temporary relief of nasal congestion due to a cold, hay fever, or other upper respiratory allergies. Nicotine Replacement Products drugs that reduce withdrawal symptoms associated with quitting smoking, including nicotine craving.
Nighttime Sleep Aids drugs for relief of occasional sleeplessness. Pain Relievers drugs for the temporary relief of minor body aches, pains, and headaches. The following ingredients are found in different OTC pain relievers: acetaminophen, aspirin, ibuprofen, ketoprofen, magnesium salicylate, and naproxen. It is important to read the label of pain reliever products to learn about different drug interaction warnings for each ingredient.
Stimulants drugs that help restore mental alertness or wakefulness during fatigue or drowsines. Food and Drug Administration. PDF version - 68KB There are more opportunities today than ever before to learn about your health and to take better care of yourself. Drug interactions fall into three broad categories: Drug-drug interactions occur when two or more drugs react with each other. This drug-drug interaction may cause you to experience an unexpected side effect. For example, mixing a drug you take to help you sleep a sedative and a drug you take for allergies an antihistamine can slow your reactions and make driving a car or operating machinery dangerous.
For example, mixing alcohol with some drugs may cause you to feel tired or slow your reactions. Drug-condition interactions may occur when an existing medical condition makes certain drugs potentially harmful. For example, if you have high blood pressure you could experience an unwanted reaction if you take a nasal decongestant. Drug Interactions and Over-the-Counter Medicines Over-the-counter OTC drug labels contain information about ingredients, uses, warnings and directions that is important to read and understand.
The " Questions? Before taking a drug, ask your doctor or pharmacist the following questions: Can I take it with other drugs?
Should I avoid certain foods, beverages or other products? What are possible drug interaction signs I should know about? How will the drug work in my body? Is there more information available about the drug or my condition on the Internet or in health and medical literature?
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